The relationship between capitalism, the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), and the history of early Islam is an interesting topic that has been of interest to some researchers, especially orientalists. In the meantime, a translation of a book titled "Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism" was published in 1402 AH. This book is a study on the economic mechanism of the governments of the early Islamic period and its impact on the capitalist economy and the free market, written by Benedict Kohler, a German banker and historian. The alignment of Islamic economics and capitalism on the issue of non-interference of the government in pricing, citing the statement "Prices are in the hands of God," is the focal point of Kohler's view in this book. What should not be overlooked is the attention to the processes that form the price in the capitalist system; monopoly in capital, production, and directing consumption through advertising are principles that are problematic from the perspective of Islamic ethics.This article shows, through critical analysis, that Kohler, by neglecting the structural and ethical differences in the concepts of profit, ownership, and distributive justice, has settled for an apparent similarity between the two schools. In capitalism, marginal profit is the main driver of resource allocation, and factors such as monopoly, directional advertising, and capital concentration are considered inherent components of the price formation mechanism; while in the Islamic economic school, pricing is within the framework of the jurisprudential and ethical concept of "mutual consent" and the prohibition of exploitation, and the logic of wealth distribution is based on "the right of man to succeed on earth" and not simply on profit-making.