نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
The ontological and epistemological distinction between theoretical and practical intellect constitutes a foundational pillar of Islamic philosophy rooted in Muslim philosophers creative engagement with Aristotelian phronesis or practical wisdom This distinction refined within Peripatetic and Transcendent Theosophy systems is not merely an abstract classification of the souls faculties but carries concrete implications for individual and social governance especially in crises Given the contemporary crisis of wisdom depicted by Küpers and Pauleen 2013 including financial collapse ecological degradation and organizational functional stupidity returning to practical wisdom within non Western traditions becomes imperative This article elucidates the mechanism for applying practical intellect in critical situations through analysis of courage within Islamic philosophical ethics The core problem is demarcating courage as a rational moral act from its extremes reckless audacity and cowardly fear Using a qualitative method of comparative content analysis and philosophical inference from primary texts of Ibn Sina Bahmanyar and Mulla Sadra alongside contemporary practical wisdom discourse findings reveal that courage is not blind emotion but the harmony of universal principles theoretical wisdom and timely discernment of particulars practical intellect In crisis a wise leader with cultivated practical intellect moderates the irascible faculty neither jeopardizing security needlessly nor abandoning action This framework answers the call for phronesis as an alternative to instrumental technocratic rationality dominating modern organizations.
کلیدواژهها English
