This research, aiming to address the dilemma of ‘moral action under conditions of uncertainty,’ employs an analytical-comparative and interdisciplinary method to reinterpret and re-conceptualize Sheikh Al-Ansari’s theory of al-Maslahat al-Sulūkīyah within the domain of applied ethics. The central question is: Can the model of ‘devotional conduct’ based on ‘valid conjecture,’ proposed in jurisprudence to justify apparent rulings, serve as the theoretical foundation for the rational justification of moral action under conditions of uncertainty? The findings indicate that, by relying on the foundations of moral realism in Mullā Ṣadrā’s Transcendent Wisdom, the key concepts of this theory can be transposed into the realm of ethics. In the proposed model, ‘moral reality’ equates to existential perfection, ‘valid moral conjecture’ is the outcome of a rational process of ethical reasoning, and ‘moral conduct’ signifies the intention to commit to this conjecture with the aim of participating in goodness and realizing virtuous disposition in the soul. Action based on these two pillars, under conditions of uncertainty, enjoys rational justification and compensatory moral goodness. The article’s innovation lies in presenting this conduct-centric model for problem-solving in applied ethics which, on one hand, avoids relativism by emphasizing rational moral goodness, and on the other, distances itself from the rigidity of absolute deontology and the reductionism of consequentialism by making the justification criterion process-oriented. This theory provides an Islamic and rational response to ambiguous moral situations in practical fields such as medical ethics, media ethics, and management.