While the criteria for measuring ethical values have not been assessed by Muslim thinkers independently, such criteria can be inferred based on the intellectual foundations of each of them. Martyr Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr was one of the Muslim thinkers, whose thoughts can be assessed to introduce a criterion for measuring moral values.
In the assessment of the good and the bad of actions, martyr Sadr attacks the sayings and opinions that have been raised in Islamic thought and considers other possibilities about good and bad criteria in his criticizing of possible types of teleological theories and introduced deontology to be rule-based by accepting the practical reason and its absolute evidence. Nevertheless, he accepted a destination called the divine paradise to be equal to the deontological criterion and regard defects and errors of practical reason to be compensable through this way. Therefore, the present study showed that from the perspective of Sadr, neither deontology nor teleology is absolute. In fact, he chose a combination of both, and in a way, he introduced God-oriented deontology, which also emphasizes virtue ethics.